SCIENTRA — The Global Research Platform

Computationally Pumped Bath Noise (CPBN): A History-Dependent Noise Architecture for Quantum Circuit Simulation, with Simulation Validation and a Matched-History Investigation on IBM Quantum Hardware

Dr. Zuhair Ahmed

Published in SCIENTRA on 19 September 2026.

Abstract

We present Computationally Pumped Bath Noise (CPBN), a history-dependent noise model for the PKTron quantum circuit simulator. CPBN models noise as a dynamical reservoir with memory, relaxation, computational pumping, and spatial propagation. Controlled simulations demonstrated history and gate-order dependence, memory and pump effects, relaxation, spatial propagation, and CPTP behavior while matched controls isolated order effects from rate differences. A matched-history experiment on IBM Quantum’s ibm_marrakesh processor used 100 paired histories (400 circuits), 4096 shots per circuit, and matched physical depth and gate counts. The mean absolute paired order effect was 0.0027234 (bootstrap 95% CI: [0.0023145, 0.0031396]), but Wilcoxon (p = 0.2046) and sign tests (p = 0.4168) were not significant at α = 0.05. Thus, the hardware results show a measurable difference in this run but do not establish CPBN or a physical history-dependent mechanism. Further preregistered replication is required.

Keywords

non-Markovian noise; quantum noise modeling; history-dependent decoherence; superconducting qubits; IBM Quantum; quantum circuit simulation; PKTron; statistical validation; paired hardware experiment.

Figures

2 figures — click to view
Result 1
Figure 1. Result 1
Result 2
Figure 2. Result 2

References

  1. White, G. A. L., Hill, C. D., Hollenberg, L. C. L., & Pollock, F. A. (2020). Demonstration of non-Markovian process characterisation and control on a quantum processor. Nature Communications, 11, 6301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20113-3
  2. White, G. A. L. (2022). Characterization and control of non-Markovian quantum noise. Nature Reviews Physics, 4, 287. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-022-00446-2
  3. Oda, Y., Schultz, K., Norris, L., Shehab, O., & Quiroz, G. (2026). Sparse non-Markovian noise modeling of transmon-based multi-qubit operations. PRX Quantum, 7, 020327. https://doi.org/10.1103/lx8x-z29x
  4. Gandhari, S., & Gullans, M. (2026). Quantum non-Markovian noise in randomized benchmarking of spin-boson models. NIST publication record.